Archive for October, 2009

"Western Men are Doomed"

In the New York Times, a conversation between columnists highlights the future of Western men through a very general comparison of Western and Asian thinking styles.

Before looking at that article, I’ll start by noting the various cultural dimensions CultureWizard teaches, e.g. relationship and communication. These dimensions encompass styles of thought, and the approach one takes to human interaction. In China, for example, we generalize that most people are relationship-oriented, which means that relationships are the underlying lens through which Chinese see all aspects of life, both business and personal. The general idea is that this is the opposite of a country like Switzerland, where people often look at a clock to organize their days. To understand others, simple lessons on very basic and commonly encountered cultural attributes is a necessity for global business succss. However, in reality, everyone is unique and should be treated according to their personal culture. Nevertheless, everyone is influenced by a national culture through religion, mythology, history, mass media, etc.

David Brooks’ conversation with Gail Collins is very general, but there is some truth to what Brooks observes on culture, even though it’s still far from being common knowledge.

“Different cultures and groups have different styles of thinking, or to be more precise, the average behavior is different from one group to another. So is it possible that Westerners, on average, have thinking styles that make them ill-suited for the problems of the future while Asians have styles that make them better suited?”

“Asians place emphasis on context while Westerners place more emphasis on individuals. This seems like a gross generalization but it is robustly supported by hundreds and hundreds of studies.”

“Basically, I’m saying that two groups I’m a member of — Westernized men — may have been well adapted to the agricultural and industrial societies, but our thinking styles are not well adapted to the networked age of social information flows. I’m not just saying the West is doomed. I think Western men, like me, are doomed unless we change and adapt quickly!”

The individualistic approach that is deeply ingrained in Western individuals’ minds is not the norm in Asia, although culture is gradually changing, so learning and recognizing situations where different approaches are popular interesting. Western men may not be doomed, but cultural awareness is a solution to the adaptability that global business demands today.

Click here to read the conversation. How would you react to these ideas?

Sean

RW-3.com

International Cultural News, CultureWizard Digest #20

A compendium of current news and headlines with commentary providing unique cultural insight into global affairs, business and daily life around the world.

Check out the latest CultureWizard Digest here!

New CWD Header.jpg

* China’s Internet and the US President
* Linguistic Death
* UK and US Health Care
* Indian Solutions for PepsiCo

CultureLinks
+ Where is hummus from?
+ Global Baseball: Matsui
+ News from Middle Eastern Periodicals

CultureTips
+ South Korea
+ Argentina

RW-3.com

China’s Internet and the US President

<em>Books on President Obama in Shanghai. Photo: Gao Erqiang </em>

Books on President Obama in Shanghai. Photo: Gao Erqiang

In China last week, President Obama used a combination of diplomatic finesse and technological know-how to invite a question from an online viewer via Twitter regarding China’s “great firewall,” or its strict internet censorship policies (click here to read about it in the New York Times). His indirect communication style helped him to convey the message in a subtle way, which appeased his young audience without offending China’s leaders. “Face” is one of the most important cultural concepts in Asia, and President Obama successfully avoided damaging his Chinese counterpart’s “face” while addressing an important, sensitive topic.

Read an opinion piece in the South China Morning Post that highlights Obama’s non-confrontational and culturally sensitive approach to Asia.

Click here to watch CCTV’s (China Central Television) coverage of President Obama’s arrival to the Chinese capital and initial meeting with President Hu Jintao. We found it interesting that the broadcaster in this clip emphasized how he shortened his stay in Japan and South Korea, but did not change his schedule in China. What kind of culturally-rooted communication style is this broadcaster using, and what is he implying? What other thoughts do you have about the tour in Asia?

Since cultural understanding is crucial to international relations, we are offering our next Pocket Guide in the series, which is on China. If you’d like to receive this, please click here.

Charlene

RW-3.com

Argentina Culture Tips

argentina-flag

+ Culturally and emotionally, Argentines often appear more European than Latin American. Most Argentines are of European descent, unlike other Latin American countries where European and indigenous cultures are more mixed.

+ While Argentines are more group-oriented than North Americans, they are less so than their South American neighbors. In fact, one of Argentina’s favorite symbols is the gaucho — the legendary plainsman who is an independent, brave, loyal and generous warrior.

+ Argentines believe in being open and direct, yet pride themselves on being tactful and diplomatic. Their communication may also be indirect, elaborate, and complimentary. Argentines are warm and effusive and do not hide their passion or sentimentality.

+ Argentines prefer not to disagree in public, so do not misinterpret situations where no one challenges your statements or opinions. Decisions are often based upon the personal preference of the decision maker, which is why spending time to develop trust and personal relationships is crucial.

+ Avoid high-pressure sales tactics, which are seen as confrontational.

+ Business attire is conservative, yet stylish. Argentines may judge people on their appearance, especially their shoes. Leather goods are extremely important among Argentines.

- from RW3′s CultureWizard® Country Profiles

RW-3.com

South Korea Culture Tips

South-Korean-flag

+ Confucian thought influences the position of the individual in Korean culture. It is a system of behaviors and ethics that stresses the obligations of people towards one another based upon their relationship. The five basic relationships are:

Ruler and subject
Husband and wife
Parents and children
Brothers and sisters
Friend and friend

+ Chusok is a Korean holiday of giving thanks. It occurs during the harvest season and Korean families thank their ancestors for providing them with rice and fruit. On Chusok, people cook and set out food to celebrate their ancestors.

+ Kibun is a word with no literal translation; the closest terms are mood, feelings or state of mind. If you hurt someone’s kibun, you hurt their pride and cause them to lose dignity and face. Korean interpersonal relationships operate on the principle of harmony. It is important to maintain a peaceful, comfortable atmosphere, even if it means telling a being slightly untruthful.

+ In business, for example, a manager’s kibun is damaged if his subordinates do not show proper respect. A subordinate’s kibun is damaged if his manager criticizes him in public.

+ Greetings are friendly and follow strict rules of protocol. The most common greeting is a bow accompanied by the phrase “Anyanghasaeyo,” which literally means “Are you well?” and is generally translated as “Hello.” Many South Koreans shake hands with foreigners after the bow, thereby blending cultural styles.

+ Most executives’ offices are not on the same floor as their staffs’. Seniority is equated with rank and authority and demands strict conformity to a meticulously prescribed protocol. At the same time, South Koreans are amenable to adopting Western concepts of management.

+ Since this is a hierarchical culture, most decisions are made at the top and then given to the employees to implement.

- from RW3′s CultureWizard® Country Profiles

RW-3.com

Indian Solutions for Pepsi

At a media conference in New Delhi this week, Indra Nooyi, CEO of PepsiCo, said “We feel that solutions which have been devised by us around the world, cannot be imposed here. The company needs to find unique solutions for India.” She also noted that the country was in the top three markets for the company, and that they intend to foster a cultural awareness of India to produce the most relevant products. For global corporations, culture becomes an ally when marketing and selling to diverse populations. We’ve seen how PepsiCo approached China (click here to read a related post).

What do you think it takes to achieve success in the Indian consumer market?

pepsi_india

Click here to jump to the article on the Hindustan Times website.

Josh

RW-3.com

New Country Profiles

We have recently increased our coverage in the CultureWizard Country Profiles. We have recently added the following countries:

Cote d’Ivoire CP Demo
Gambia
Guinea
Laos
Macau
Malawi
Maldives
Mauritius
Mozambique
Senegal

There is now a grand total of 133 Country Profiles on CultureWizard®. Click here to jump to a demonstration of the Country Profiles.

Mike

RW-3.com

Where is hummus from?

Check out this Economist article that explains how prized hummus is as a part of Middle Eastern cultural patrimony. According to the article, it is crucial for various “nationalists,” Israeli and Lebanese alike, to recognize this food’s origins. It is so important that to some it seems tantamount to political sovereignty. “Foods such as hummus originated in Lebanon, [the Lebanese] say, and this should be recognised, as much as Greece’s exclusive claim to feta cheese or Parma’s to parmesan. Alarmed by Israeli firms’ success in marketing Middle Eastern foods in the West, where they are sometimes labelled as traditional Israeli fare, [Lebanese] see the food fight as an extension of Arab ‘resistance’ against the usurping of their patrimony.”

hummus
One of the biggest batches of hummus ever made, in Jerusalem (400kg, 881 pounds)

There is more to this story than expressing a sense of pride and maintaining national character. In the sometimes onerous search for authenticity, official recognition can do a lot for the tourism and food industries, where in this case, an “original hummus” would be the target. Think of the gastronomic aspects of culture that you associate with places like Hong Kong, Bordeaux and New York City. Where do you think hummus came from? Do you think it’s important to know where foods originate?

Sean

RW-3.com

UK and US Health Care

In this month’s MOBILITY magazine, Donna Marsh offers her perspective on UK and US health care systems. As a dual British and American citizen, she writes on where the two cultures diverge. Here are some interesting thoughts:

“Americans are taught from an early age to take care of themselves…Many Americans view health insurance — supplied by many but not all employers to their employees and their families — as something they individually earn.”

“In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service is free at the point of need to all British residents, including foreign nationals…It undoubtedly is considered a human right by the British public, expected to be provided for all by the government.”

US culture is, on the average, very individualistic. In terms of health care, Britons look to the nation for support. This group-orientation has been, of course, impacted by history and is reinforced through personal experience.

“It is not unusual for many Americans to look at many resources as being available in abundance, including health care. The British, with the days of post-WWII rationing still in living memory among its older population, are more pragmatic, recognizing that resources are limited and must be managed to maximize provision to all who need them.”

Again, history has a direct impact on a country’s culture. How much do you agree with Marsh? How have you experienced differences between US and UK culture? Click here to jump to the article.

Click here to read an earlier post I made on culture and health care.

Charlene

RW-3.com

Global Baseball: Matsui

Although there are many professional Japanese baseball players, Hideki Matsui has certainly made baseball more than just an American sport. One sentence in a recent New York Times article caught our “cultural” eyes:

“In a oft-repeated story, a young Matsui switched to left-handed pitching and hitting so that youths playing against him would have more of a chance.”

matsui
Chris McGrath/Getty Images

In any adversarial game, people from individualistic cultures (e.g. Australia or US) would find this confusing. In collectivist or group-oriented cultures, as in Japan, the well-being of the group is highly important. Another related example is in the concept of giving and saving “face,” or the idea that one’s reputation is built upon the actions of the larger group. For Matsui, he was exhibiting his cultural preference to help his peers succeed rather than stand out as an extremely unique and talented player.

Click here to jump to the article.

Valerie

RW-3.com

Managing Across Cultures in Etihad’s Aspire

Charlene Solomon and Michael Schell’s Managing Across Cultures was recently reviewed in Etihad Airway’s Aspire in-flight magazine. See the magazine and read the review below.

Aspire Etihad“Management speak can be hard enough to understand at the best of times: paradigm shifts? Blue sky thinking? Incentivise? Ehm what? But imagine if boardroom strategy was outlined in Swahili rather than business English. Presentations as dry as a martini can leave cosmopolitan boardrooms at a loss; country-specific humour rarely makes it past the unhappy customs officials. Today, in the ever-expanding global marketplace, cultural sensitivity is at a premium. Step in Solomon and Schell, experts in cross-cultural training, who are promising to change all this. Crucially, their self-help manual features case studies on how Colgate-Palmolive integrates cultural understanding into global marketing, how GE adapts management style to local cultures and how Intels global corporate culture is critical to its ongoing vision. Its not just a catalogue of different customs, gestures and language faux pas. Problematically, however, the book rigidly focuses on western corporates, raising an interesting question. If translated for non-English speaking businesses, would it not get lost in translation too?”

Sean

RW-3.com

Canadian Paper Nominates Managing Across Cultures

In the Report on Business section of The Globe and Mail, a Canadian periodical, Harvey Schachter reviews Charlene Solomon and Michael Schell’s recently published book, Managing Across Cultures, The Seven Keys to Doing Business with a Global Mindset (McGraw-Hill, 2009). He compared it to other books in the field and concluded the following:

MAC book cover “…If you could only read one, I’d nominate Managing Across Cultures, which is more comprehensive, particularly in taking readers through the seven key differences they will encounter in other countries, and having you fill out a questionnaire so you know your personal instincts, should they be different from other Canadians.”

Click here to read the full review.

Josh

RW-3.com

International Cultural News, CultureWizard Digest #19

A compendium of current news and headlines with commentary providing unique cultural insight into global affairs, business and daily life around the world.

Check out the latest CultureWizard Digest here!

New CWD Header.jpg

* The “Micromanagement” Debate
* Indian Outsourcing Vendors Expand
* More Lessons for Wal-Mart
* President Obama teaches English to Japanese

CultureLinks
+ Comical Commercial on Cross-Cultural Blunder
+ “What Starbucks says about America”
+ Predisposed for an International Career

CultureTips
+ Malaysia
+ Canada

rw-3.com

Linguistic Death

In World Affairs for Fall 2009, John McWhorter writes about the slow but certain death of many languages spoken around the world. As English gradually becomes a universal tongue, he asks if this is problematic, or rather advantageous in a highly interconnected and interdependent planet.

“Linguistic death is proceeding more rapidly even than species attrition. According to one estimate, a hundred years from now the 6,000 languages in use today will likely dwindle to 600. The question, though, is whether this is a problem.”

As a linguist, this is certainly nothing to celebrate. Conversely, keeping languages alive that have little utility is extremely challenging. Learning a language, especially if it’s on a branch of the language family tree that is far from your own tongue, is similarly difficult. To counter the argument that the death of language leads to “cultural oblivion,” McWhorter claims that culture will persist, despite a lack of its respective native speakers.

“…The oft-heard claim that the death of a language means the death of a culture puts the cart before the horse. When the culture dies, naturally the language dies along with it. The reverse, however, is not necessarily true. Groups do not find themselves in the bizarre circumstance of having all of their traditional cultural accoutrements in hand only to find themselves incapable of indigenous expression because they no longer speak the corresponding language. Native American groups would bristle at the idea that they are no longer meaningfully ‘Indian’ simply because they no longer speak their ancestral tongue. Note also the obvious and vibrant black American culture in the United States, among people who speak not Yoruba but English.”

McWhorter goes on to address another question that naturally comes to mind when considering up-and-coming world powers. Will Chinese overtake English?

“…Notice how daunting the prospect of Chinese as a world language is, with a writing system that demands mastery of 2,000 characters in order to be able to read even a tabloid newspaper. For all of its association with Pepsi and the CIA, English is very user-friendly as the world’s 6,000 languages go.”

He sincerely doubts that Mandarin Chinese, which has to be transliterated into Roman letters anyway to use on a keyboard, will become a lingua franca outside of China.

chinese keyboard

“At the end of the day, language death is, ironically, a symptom of people coming together. Globalization means hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space. For them to do so and still maintain distinct languages across generations happens only amidst unusually tenacious self-isolation — such as that of the Amish — or brutal segregation.”

In its simplest form, the death of many languages is a result of finding the best way to communicate between people who don’t share a common language, and the discontinued use of formerly non-shared languages. Culture will remain one of the largest obstacles to successful communication, which must be understood in its visible and invisible forms, as the language of culture is oftentimes not audible. It is, however, much easier to learn than, for example, Hindi or Cantonese.

Click here to read McWhorter’s article.

Sean

RW-3.com

News from Middle Eastern Periodicals

The New York Times “At War” blog summarizes news events in the Middle East by taking “a look at discussions inside the Arab world, as played out in Arabic newspapers.” Israeli paper Haaretz and Ramallah-based Al Ayyam are examples. The perspective readers can gain from foreign newspapers is an important way of understanding global issues. Check this blog out frequently; it wraps up the headlines in the Arab press every so often.

Sean

RW-3.com

Categories: Global Culture in the News Tags: